A Study On The Brazilian Performance - 2760 Words

The topic of emerging economies has been hot over the past decade or so, most notably the emergence of the group of countries known as the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Growth rates in these economies far exceed that of more developed nations. In 2011-2013, BRICS economies posted average growth rates of 4.11% compared to 1.37% in developed economies (Lukov, 2010). By 2020 all BRICS should be in the top 10 largest economies in the world, and by 2050, they will be the most important economies, relegating America to the 6th largest economy in the world (The BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China, 2010). I have chosen to concentrate my study upon the Brazilian performance. I have chosen to do so as in†¦show more content†¦The method chosen to answer these questions, is a simple regression model. With this system, the determinants of GDP can be tested to see which variable has played the most significant role in increasing economic growth within Brazil. This then allows me to delve deeper into the reasoning behind the causation of the significant variable, scrutinizing government policy recent trends in the economy which may cause the variable to become most significant player in economic growth. Of course the other key variable of economic growth will not be ignored, and shall be analyzed alongside the key determinant. The variables upon which indicates economic growth are created using quantitative methods, as stated above, using various data from the WTO , the UK Data service, WDI and the IMF . By analyzing data between the time period 2000-2013 (latest available data), I aim to show the main causations of growth in Brazil, as ultimately growth occurs over time. Ultimately current and past policies will be analyzed and the effectiveness of these will be proven throughout the paper. [brief paragraph on findings] Following this introduction, I will undertake a critical literature review (section 3). Section 4 aims to prove why the current economic performance of Brazil and other members of the BRICS is an important topic. This will lead onto section 5 where I shall look at possible models the Brazilian government examined when setting growth

Project Management Plan For Managing Projects Essay

Abstract There are many obstacles to overcome in the realm of project management. Managers have to overcome many hurdles simply because they are working with customers who are at liberty to change their mind, budgets may change, etc. Project managers have to be able to quickly readjust and refocus in order to meet the needs of their customers and keep them happy. It is vital the project managers have certain tools and information in order to be successful at managing projects. It is said that effective project management hinges on a leader’s ability to identify a precise goal, construct a plan for achieving a goal and staying aware of the team’s progress toward the goal (Five Secrets to Project Management Success, n.d). Keywords: project, management, managers, success Table of Contents What is Project Management? 3 Project Management Challenges Overview 3 Why IT Projects Fail 4 Poor Alignment 4 Bad Planning 4 Lack of Executive Support 5 Unclear Expectations 5 Scope Creep 6 Lack of Resources 6 Inexperience 6 Unrealistic Expectations 6 Conflict of Interests 7 Characteristics of a Successful Project Manager 7 Foresight 7 Organization 7 Leadership Abilities 8 Good communication skills 8 Knowledge 9 Ways to Measure the Success of a Project 9 Schedule 9 Scope 9 Budget 10 Team Satisfaction 10 Customer Satisfaction 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 What is Project Management? Project management is defined as â€Å"a carefully planned and organized effort to accomplishShow MoreRelatedApplied Project Management : Integrated Change Control1005 Words   |  5 PagesApplied Project Management I 1a Individual Assignment Total words-999words Firstly we shall be defining and explaining the meaning of the integration as defined by PMBOK. So basically Integration management is an essential element of the project management which controls all the aspects of any project. All the processes in a project run quite smoothly and in an oriented way when Project integration is performed properly. Project integration, when properly performed, ensures that all processesRead MoreAnalysis : Mind Maps And Work Flow Diagrams985 Words   |  4 Pagesnavigation through the Work Processes and consist of sequential blocks of activities and milestones linked in a logical format. 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Legal Aspects of International Marketing Trade and Enterprises

Question: Describe about the Legal Aspects of International Marketing Trade and Enterprises. Answer: 1. BHP Billiton is a multinational company which engages in mining and petroleum activities. Headquarter of BHP Billiton is in Melbourne. In 2011 it became the largest mining company in the world. The Strategy of BHP Billiton is to own upstream assets for the long term and with the maintenance of low cost (Australia Business Review, 2014). The Purpose of this company is to create its shareholders value by the discovery, acquisition, development and marketing of natural resources.oil, gases and energy coal. The Company is the largest producer in the world of iron ore, metallurgical coal, copper and uranium and also has interest in the oil, gases and energy coal. The Strategy of company is based on diversification: commodity, geography and market (BHP Billiton, n.d.). BHP Billiton is a company which is dual listed (DLC). It includes BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton Plc. In 2001 this company was created from the merger of 2 companies that is BHP Limited which is now known as BHP Billiton Limited and Billiton Plc which is now known as BHP Billiton Plc. The Company operates in Metal Mining Industry: Australia is one of the largest producers of the world of mineral products. It is the largest sector with almost 700 companies which are involved in exploration of minerals. In this sector worlds largest companies are operating such as BHP Billiton Rio Tinto. This industry is depending on the equity markets for the capital they required. Since 2009 Investors in Australia support 270 new resource floats. There are various reasons for listing of companies engaged in Metals Mining are listed on ASX: for accessing the capital from capital market. In this market there is a wide range of institutional investors and retail investors. for providing opportunities to SMEs. it is a developed market in major mining regions in the world (ASX, n.d.). BHP Billiton provides many opportunities for career development. They seek people who have skills and provide an opportunity to work with their company. Following are the number of employees from 2012 to 2015 in Australia is (Statista, n.d.): YEAR NO. OF EMPLOYEES 2012 19305 2013 21977 2014 23048 2015 21428 Globally 80368 employees and contractors are working with BHP Billiton (BHP Billiton, n.d.) Location of global headquarter of BHP Billiton: Headquarters of BHP Billiton Limited and global headquarter of BHP Billiton Group are situated in Melbourne, Australia. Headquarters of BHP Billiton Plc is situated in London United Kingdom (BHP Billiton, n.d.). 2. Framework related to Royalty payable to State Government: there is brief tax information of Australia regarding mining activities. When company faces problems related to an economy at the time when mineral prices rise, that time government depends on mining companies for cover the shortfall of tax revenue. Let start the discussion with the brief knowledge of Royalty; Royalty is the amount payable by the mining company to the state government or territory from which company extracts the minerals. Rates of Royalty are not same, every state territory has its different rates. Many states imposed flat rate or rate which is profit related, but most states impose ad valorem Royalty and on an FOB basis (ICLG, 2015). Following are the facts on the tax rates of Australia: The CIT rate is 30% in Australia. There are two types of mineral taxes applicable in Australia: State royalty- state royalty is paid at state level. It is paid on the basis of the volume of minerals extracted. Rates applicable on different minerals are: Copper: 2.7%-3.5% Gold: 0%-2.5% Iron Ore: 6.5%-7.5% Coal: 7.0%-10% The Amount paid for royalty is deducted in the calculation of CIT. Minerals resource rent tax (MRRT): MRRT is paid on the federal level. It is paid on the basis of mining profit. It is apply to coal and iron ore (bulk commodity) in Australia from 1 July 2012. Rates applicable on different minerals are: Copper: N/A Gold: N/A Iron Ore: 22.5% Coal: 22.5% The Amount paid for MRRT is deducted in calculation of the CIT. Social contribution is necessary in Australia for mining companies (PWC, 2012). Annual report of 2015 of BHP Billiton shows the amount paid by the company to the government. In 2015 company paid globally US$7.3 billion by way of taxes, royalties and other payments to governments. Companys global effective tax rate was 31.8% which is higher than the income tax rate of OECD. Companys total contribution to the economy in 2015 was US$35.7 billion (BHP Billiton, n.d.). As per the annual report of 2015 company paid US$5245.0 to the Australian Government by way of taxes, royalties and other government payments (BHP Billiton, n.d.). There are some negative effects also of payment of royalty on the side of company, royalty impact very badly on the profits of companies which result that Australia becomes less attractive for companies engaged in mining activities. Chief executive Brendan Pearson said that Australia levy high tax on mining industry as compared to other countries and as per the analysis of MCA 47.1% profit of mining companies are paid in taxes and royalties in Australia. It also affects the investors of mining companies also because such high tax jurisdiction also affects the funds and profit of investors (Ingram, 2015). The Introduction of Mining Tax: presently mineral taxes such as royalty are paid by the company to the State Government Territory on the basis of the minerals extracted by the company from that state or territory. When minerals cost is high in world still royalty payment had not increased. 40% of profits are paid by the company in 2001 to the state government, but presently share of the profit paid by the company is less than 20%, which increases the need for new tax. The Mining tax is also known as the Resource Super Profit Tax i.e. RSPT (Mining tax facts, n.d.). 3. Before discussing the agreements, treaties and conventions related to products and services of BHP Billiton, first discuss the meaning and importance of treaties and agreements. An agreement under international law which is entered between sovereign states and international organizations are known as the treaty. It is also known as the international agreement between international parties, protocol, covenant exchange of letters. Usually treaties are compared to contracts because as contracts in treaties also parties have obligations and if parties failed in fulfilling their obligations, then parties are liable under international law. Following are the treaties which affect the goods and services of BHP Billiton: Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA): The Partnership of Japan and Australia is most important for both the countries in respect of economic and strategic interest. Australia is a bigger supplier of Japan for minerals and energy and of food products also. In 2014-15 Australia was Japans 2nd largest trading partner and also Japan was the 2nd largest importer of Australia. Japan was also 2nd largest direct foreign investor in Australia. They strengthened their relationship by entering into an agreement known as Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement (JAEPA) which was forced in 2015, January (Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d.). Provisions and conclusions of this agreement are announced on 7th April 2014 in Tokyo by Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Shinzo Abe. In Canberra prime ministers of both the countries signed the agreement on 8th July 2014. JAEPA is very liberalizing agreement conducted by Japan. Both the countries are natural partners. This agreement provides Japan an opportunity from export natural resources from Australia (Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d.). JAEPA affects the exporting of our company. Iron ore can be supplied by the company to Japan as per this agreement. This agreement gives economic benefit to BHP Billiton because of increment in trade of goods of high quality. Australia-India Joint Free Trade Agreement (FTA): There is viding growth in the relationship of India and Australia in recent years. In last five years, trade of goods and services is increased annually by 24% in 2008-2009 to US$16 billion. For building more strong relationship both the countries work on FTA in 2008. This agreement covers trade in all goods. This agreement removes restrictions in foreign investments. It also works on increasing transparency and gives strength to the mechanism of investment protection. This agreement helps both the governments in the growth of their economy. Following are the elements of terms of agreement: Benefits arrived by both the governments through FTA. To enhance the accusation of goods, services and investments through FTA and also solve issues related to intellectual property, sanitary and phytosanitary issues. For the expansion of trade in goods through liberalization. For the expansion of services in various sectors including labor, mutual arrangements, etc.. Create a favorable environment in both the countries for investment purpose. In Australia, FTA is a comprehensive agreement but in India FTA covers only goods (Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d.). AMEC Convention 2016: This convention was held in Crown Perth from 8-9 June. The aim of this convention was to instigate the issues faced by companies and organizations engaged in mining activities in Australia. This convention was organized by the AMEC (Association of Mining and Exploration Companies). AMEC is the body in Australia for the mining industry. AMEC is the nonprofit organization and works for the benefit of the mining industry. AMEC bring together presenters of this industry from all over the world and speakers from all the levels of government (AMEC, 2016). Australia and the Antarctic Treaty System: A set of the agreement governed the activities in Antarctica and near seas between many nations and that set of the agreement known as Antarctic Treaty system. It consists four agreements: 1959 Antarctic Treaty 1972 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals 1980 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty These agreements are legally binding on three aspects that are political, geographical environmental. These obligations are applicable to all the companies which signed this agreement. Australia is also the party of this agreement. This treaty has following principles: Freedom of scientific investigation and the exchange of scientific findings Non-militarisation of Antarctica and the southern ocean (Australian Government: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, n.d.). These treaties ahs direct effect on the mining and metal industry because these treaties cover the goods and services which are provided by the BHP Billiton. References: AMEC, (2016). AMEC Convention 2016. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.amec.org.au/events/amec-convention-2016. ASX. Metals Mining Sector Profile. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.asx.com.au/documents/products/asx-metals-and-mining-sector-profile.PDF. Australia business review, (2014). Australia's Largest Companies 2014. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/top10/1196/Australia's-Largest-Companies-2014. Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade. Australian Antarctic Division: Leading Australias Antarctic Program. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.antarctica.gov.au/law-and-treaty. Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade. Japan. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://dfat.gov.au/geo/japan/pages/japan-country-brief.aspx. Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade. Japan Australia Economic Partnership Agreement. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/jaepa/Pages/japan-australia-economic-partnership-agreement.aspx. Australian Government: Department of foreign Affairs and Trade.Australia-India Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/aifta/pages/australia-india-joint-free-trade-agreement-fta-feasibility-study.aspx. BHP Billiton. Economic contribution and payments to governments Report 2015. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/investors/annualreporting2015/tax-and-transparency. BHP Billiton. Economic contribution and payments to governments Report 2015. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitoneconomiccontributionandpaymentstogovernments2015.pdf#page=7?utm_source=TTApproachutm_medium=Wutm_campaign=AR15la=en. BHP Billiton. Our Company. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/aboutus/ourcompany. BHP Billiton. Our Structure. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/aboutus/ourcompany/ourstructure. BHP Billiton. People Careers. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/people. ICLG, (2015). Mining Law 2016. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.iclg.co.uk/practice-areas/mining-law/mining-law-2016/australia#chaptercontent13. Ingram, T. (2015). WA no longer world's best place for miners, hammered by royalties and taxes. The Sydney Morning Herland. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.smh.com.au/business/mining-and-resources/wa-no-longer-worlds-best-place-for-miners-hammered-by-royalties-and-taxes-20150303-13tkrz.html. Mining-Tax. Mining Tax facts. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.mining-tax.com.au/. PWC, (2012). Corporate income taxes, mining royalties and other mining taxes, A summary of rates and rules in selected countries. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/energy-utilities-mining/publications/pdf/pwc-gx-miining-taxes-and-royalties.pdf. Statista. Number of employees at BHP Billiton from 2012 to 2015, by region. Retrieved on 30th August from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/274234/number-of-employees-at-bhp-billiton-by-region/.

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay Example For Students

To clone or not to clone Persuasive Essay On February 24, 1997, the whole world was shocked by the news that Scottish scientists had successfully cloned a sheep. Dolly an artificially cloned mammal was born a star. After the shock, that cloning was not only a possibility but a reality, wore off the out cry against human cloning began. Physicians, scientists, politicians and church leaders and many more have been trying to ban the cloning of humans ever since. Is cloning something to be afraid of? I do not believe it is. I believe that cloning will become a tool of science that will, in time, bring many benefits to humankind. We will write a custom essay on To clone or not to clone Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia describes a clone as an organism by an asexual (nonsexual) reproductive process(clone 1). This definition means that we already have many clones on the earth today. The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia also states that the organisms known as prokaryotes (the bacteria and cyanobacteria), a number of other simple organisms, such as most protozoan, many other algae, and some yeasts, also reproduce primarily by cloning, as do certain higher organisms like the dandelion or aspen tree(clone 1). The Biology Textbook Concepts and Connections describes a clone as a single organism that is genetically identical to another(G-5). With this definition we can come to the conclusion that identical twins are also clones. Cloning then is not a new idea but one that has been around since the beginning of time. Embryo Splitting or Blastomere SeparationEmbryo splitting as Gregory Pence, a medical ethicist, writes is when an embryo that has already been formed by sexual reproduction is split into two identical halves(Flesh My Flesh: intro). The National Bioethics Advisory Committee calls this process blasotmere separation and explains that each cell, called a blastomere, is able to produce a new individual organism(15). See Appendix A figure one. Pence also writes that embryo splitting is a process that has been used for years to help infertile couples who could not produce enough embryos, it is neither a breakthrough nor startling(Flesh My Flesh: x). Nuclear Somatic Transfer or Nuclear Transplantation CloningIn nuclear somatic transfer a nucleus is taken from the cell of an already existing person and placed into a fertilized egg which has had its nucleus removed. The egg cell is then stimulated to divide and grow. Thereby producing a clone or twin of the person whose DNA was used. This is t he manner in which Dolly was created (Whos Afraid Cloning 11). Clones Are Not Always Completely IdenticalIn Embryo Splitting the clones would be identical twins. However, in Nuclear Somatic Transfer, where most of the controversy lies, a clone will not necessarily be an identical twin. The reasons for this lie in the host egg. Although the nucleus is removed, and therefore the majority of the DNA, it is impossible to remove all the DNA. The mitochondria (tiny organelles in the cell) contain tiny bits of DNA. Because of these mitochondria DNA a cloned person may not be completely identical to the person whose DNA was used(Whos Afraid Cloning 18). Please see diagram labeled figure four in appendix A. Therapeutic cloning could be used to clone any of the bodys tissues. This does not involve cloning an entire person but only the tissue needed. Please see diagram labeled the ultimate body repair kit in appendix A. In an on-line scientific magazine Andy Coghlan discusses therapeutic cloning and how it is done. He writes that therapeutic cloning would use the technique that created Dolly the sheep to grow cells for transplants that are matched to their recipients for instance to replace the brain cells lost in Parkinsons disease(1:3). Many thousands of people die every year while waiting for an organ transplant or as a result of tissue rejection. With therapeutic cloning there is no chance of rejection as it is your tissue that is cloned. Think of how wonderful it would be if one of your family members or even you yourself could be saved because of therapeutic cloning. .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postImageUrl , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:visited , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active { border:0!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:active , .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411 .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud0445be2637cb36774164fd165558411:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: None Provided67 EssayIn the normal reproductive process many chromosomal abnormalities can occur during meiosis in the testes of men and the ovaries of women. When this happens if the child is born it can have major birth defects. Downs Syndrome is one such defect and is a result of an extra chromosome on the 21st chromosomal pair. The risk of having a Downs Syndrome baby increases with the age of the woman wishing to have a baby. Gina Kolata points out in her book Clone thatwith cloning, such chromosomal mixups sic cannot occur,after all, you are starting with a normal cell, from a normal adult, with the proper number of chromosomes(238). Cloning would also be very beneficial to people who are carriers of such diseases as sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs Disease and cystic fibrosis. As they have only one gene for these diseases and it requires two genes to have the disease they are normal healthy adults, but they would not wish to pass on these genetic defects to their children. It its report to the president of the United States the National Bioethics Advisory Commission wrote of just one such scenario where both the husband and the wife are carriers of a lethal gene. Rather than risk the one in four chance of conceiving a child who will suffer a short and painful existence, the couple considers the alternatives: to forgo rearing children; to adopt; to use prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion; to use donor gametes free of the recessive trait; or to use the cells of one of the adults and attempt to clone a child. To avoid donor gametes and selective abortion while maintaining a genetic tie to their child, they opt for cloning(85). One of the arguments, that has been heard against cloning, is that to many potential babies are lost because it takes so many embryos to make one baby. However when the septuplets were born, with fertility drugs, in November of 1997 everyone rejoiced that such a feat was possible. Everyone seems to ignore the fact that a lot of multiply-gestated babies are born disabled or dead (Flesh of my Flesh 119). What about having a baby the usual way? Professor Gregory Pence explains that at least 40% of human embryos fail to implant in normal sexual reproduction. He also noted that about 50% of the rejected embryos are chromosomally abnormal, meaning that if they were somehow brought to term, the resulting children would be mutants or suffer genetic dysfunction(Flesh of my Flesh 119). How about in vitro fertilization? Pence points out that on average in in vetro fertilization it will take 900 embryos to produce 30 babies, for an efficiency rate of 1 in 30(Flesh of my Flesh 120). The Biology P lace states that it took 277 cell fusions to produce one Dolly(Kimball 1). Please consider that Dolly is only the first of her kind and the technique will become much more efficient before it is ever tried on humans. Altogether I feel that cloning will definitely benefit humanity. It may do this by allowing people, who are not able to by other, means to have children. Cloning may be used to grow new organs for people who would otherwise die while waiting for a donor match. It may help couples, who have defective genes, to have a child that is free of birth defects and disease. I do feel however that cloning must be used with caution. Every new invention or discovery has the potential to be used improperly and immorally and it is up to us, the public, to ensure that the proper laws are put in place. We should not ban cloning just because we are afraid of it. Rather we should study it and use it as a tool to benefit not just ourselves but the whole world. .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postImageUrl , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:visited , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active { border:0!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:active , .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216 .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u20fe4562e52d1fcbad4ef80c26aa2216:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life Experiences In Farewell T EssayBibliography:Pence, Gregory E., Flesh of my Flesh: the Ethics of Cloning Humans.Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield PublishersInc., 1998. . Whos Afraid of Human Cloning. Lanham, Boulder, New York, Oxford:Rowman and Littlefield Publishers Inc., 1998. Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchell and Jane B. Reece, Biology:Concepts and Connections, Third Edition. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999. . Kimballs Biology Essays: Can Humans Be Cloned. The Biology Place. Online. 1999. http://www.biology.com/Kimbell/C/CloningMammals.htmlEncarta EncyclopediaUnited States. National Bioethics Advisory Committee. Cloning Human Beings volume 1: Report and Recommendations.